Thursday, February 10, 2005

Date of the Exodus

There is currently (another round of) a (perpetual) debate ensuing on the Avodah e-mail list over whether there is an obligation to follow the Seder Olam timeline in determining dates in history. In regards to that debate, I thought it would be relevant to note the different dates for the Exodus from Egypt that are given in traditional rabbinic sources, as summarized by R. Menahem Kasher in Torah Shelemah (Shemos, addenda 5 pp. 240-241):

According to the Gemara (Avodah Zarah 9) and other sources, the Exodus took place in the year 2448. According to the version preserved in Ra'avad's Sefer Ha-Kabbalah, 2449. According to R. Moshe of Provence, 2447. This discrepancy can be attributed to the starting point from when one starts counting years and not to a disagreement about in which year the Exodus takes place.

Josephus (Antiquities, 1:3:4), following Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer (ch. 48) that the Jews were in Egypt for 215 years rather than 210, places the Exodus in the year 2453.

According to Rabbeinu Hananel, the Exodus took place in the year 2478. This is also the Abarbanel's view in his commentary to the Haggadah.

R. Moshe Latif's view is that it was in the year 2456, and the Ramban's view implies 2458.


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