Monday, April 04, 2005

Greek Influence on the Sages

Louis Feldman, Jew & Gentile in the Ancient World, p. 419:

The inclusion of between twenty-five hundred and three thousand words of Greek origin in the Talmudic writings and a number of changes made in the Hebrew language under apparent Greek influence are, to be sure, abundant testimony of Hellenization. And yet these words are almost never from the realm of ideas; and the alleged correspondences with motifs in Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Cynicism are generally commonplaces. Nowhere in the rabbinic corpus do we find the names of Socrates, Plato, or Aristotle; and, in fact, there is not a single Greek philosophical term to be found in this literature. Unlike the Middle Ages, when rabbinic scholars wrote major philosophical works in Arabic, we know of not one Talmudic rabbi who distinguished himself in philosophy, let alone wrote a work in Greek. Moreover, though the development of the great system of Roman law is almost exactly contemporaneous with the development of the Talmud, not a single legal term from Latin entered the rabbis' active legal vocabulary. Furthermore, the Greek concept of "oral law" is very different in meaning from that of the Talmud. The one rabbi who was deeply influenced by Hellenism, Elisha ben Avuyah, is roundly condemned. If the study of Greek culture was permitted, it was only under the careful guidance of the patriarch himself.


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